Alder Wash Ruin, History is in the Land: Multivocal Tribal Traditions in Arizona’s San Pedro Valley – 5/17/2018

History is in the Land: Multivocal Tribal Traditions in Arizona's San Pedro Valley - T. J. Ferguson and Chip Colwell-Chanthaphonh. June 2018.
History is in the Land: Multivocal Tribal Traditions in Arizona’s San Pedro Valley – T. J. Ferguson and Chip Colwell-Chanthaphonh. June 2018.

Alder Wash Ruin is a complex, multicomponent site that includes Hohokam pithouses, agricultural features, and a Sobaipuri component. … The different forms of pithouses at Alder Wash Ruin are generally considered to be representative of cultural interaction between the occupants of the San Pedro Valley and areas to the north and east.

Today’s walk thru the Alder Wash Ruin is a different experience than standing at Reeve Ruin several years ago. Of course the sites themselves are different – Alder Wash is a Hohokam site, Reeve Ruin was occupied by Western Pueblo people who migrated into the San Pedro River Valley… But the experience is largely different because over the past few years I have learned more about the history of the San Pedro River and had the chance to visit more archaeological sites in Southern Arizona. Now I sometimes recognize a scatter of sherds on the desert floor, mounds and depressions occasionally make a tiny (very very tiny…) bit of sense, site names like Davis Ranch, Soza Ruin, Second Canyon, Twin Hawks, Bayless Ruin have a certain familiarity. Some of my familiarity comes from reading (and re-reading) History is in the Land: Multivocal Tribal Traditions in Arizona’s San Pedro Valley by T. J. Ferguson and Chip Colwell-Chanthaphonh – a quote from the book explains the project it is based on:

As Bill Doelle and his colleagues continued their research [along the San Pedro River] in the 1990s, analyzing survey data and initiating test excavations at selected sites, they realized they were acquiring substantial scientific data but had little understanding of what these places mean to contemporary Native Americans whose ancestors once occupied the valley. … He realized that archaeology alone could not provide all of the information needed to fully understand the past. This was the beginning of the San Pedro Ethnohistory Project. … The San Pedro Ethnohistory Project was designed as collaborative research with four Indian tribes to redress this situation by visiting archaeological sites, studying museum collections, and interviewing tribal members to collect traditional histories.

Migration is one subject explored in the History is in the Land: Multivocal Tribal Traditions in Arizona’s San Pedro Valley – the Zuni and Hopi participants in the San Pedro Ethnohistory Project recognize their ancestors in the ruins along and artifacts from the San Pedro River. Migration is also explored on a larger scale in Craig Childs’ House of Rain: Tracking a Vanished Civilization Across the American Southwest. House of Rain is an epic travelogue following the migrations of the Ancient Puebloans from Chaco Canyon, across the southwest and south into Mexico. T. J. Ferguson, one of the authors of History is in the Land, is interviewed by Childs in House of Rain – 

In an even-tempered voice he told me that it is a mistake to see prehistoric archaeology and Native American history as being separate. “It’s an unbroken chain,” Ferguson explained, his soft, glacial-blue eyes peering into the desert as he spoke. “You can’t look at one without looking at the other. And if you’re following paths of migration, you’ll find them in linguistics and in oral traditions. They are still very much intact.”

Sherd at the Alder Wash Ruin. May 2018.
Sherd at the Alder Wash Ruin. May 2018.
Alder Wash Ruin area above Alder Wash near the San Pedro River. May 2018.
Alder Wash Ruin area above Alder Wash near the San Pedro River. May 2018.

Desert Plants – Santa Catalina Mountains – 6/7/2018

Desert Plants - Annotated Flora of the Santa Catalina Mountains, Pima & Pinal Counties, Southeastern Arizona. June 2018.
Desert Plants – Annotated Flora of the Santa Catalina Mountains, Pima & Pinal Counties, Southeastern Arizona – James T. Verrier. June 2018.

It was an absolute thrill to find that the current issue (Volume 33, Number 2, January 2018) of Desert Plants is about the Santa Catalina Mountains! I love the Catalinas and would be excited regardless of what was inside this volume, but to find pictures of lesser traveled destinations like Buehman Canyon and Burro Creek, sections on the history of botanical collection, rare plants and invasive plants and a long annotated checklist of vascular plants followed by pictures?!?! Amazing!!

Given the remote locations and large amount of material in this volume I was not completely surprised to read James T. Verrier’s notes on the effort that went into this project:

A total of 380 days of field work were conducted between April 2007 and December 2017, including over 28,000 miles of driving. Although nearly all areas of the range were visited, lesser collected regions were emphasized. … Extensive botanical exploration was performed on the remote and rugged east side of the mountains. Field days sometimes included up to a 180-mi round trip to a single destination, traveling along rough Jeep trails and arriving in areas with no trails. These areas proved to be the most satisfying to explore and filled in large voids of the known flora. … All field work was conducted while working a full-time job, so only day trips were possible. Field days were typically long and tiring, beginning at 5am and sometimes returning home after 9pm.

Recent issues of Desert Plants can be found at the Kirk-Bear Canyon Library (with the periodicals) and older issues are available for in library use at the Joel Valdez Main Library. Desert Plants is sold by Desert SurvivorsPlants for the Southwest, and B & B Cactus – I suggest contacting them before visiting to ask if they have the issue you want in-stock. The Desert Plants Journal also sells issues and when I contacted them about a purchase were quite helpful!

2018 Pusch Ridge Wilderness Closure, Bighorn Sheep – 1/12/2018

The top section of the Temporary Area Closure for the Protection of Desert Bighorn Sheep signed in October of 2017. October 2017.
The top section of the Temporary Area Closure for the Protection of Desert Bighorn Sheep signed in October of 2017. October 2017.

In October of 2017 Kerwin S. Dewberry, Forest Supervisor of Coronado National Forest, renewed the Temporary Closure Order for the Protection of Desert Bighorn Sheep. The closure imposes restrictions a number of restrictions in the Bighorn Sheep Management Area of the Pusch Ridge Wilderness. The closure has been in place since 1996 and the new closure order has two changes from the past few years:

  • The closure order runs for 2 years (rather than the 1 year duration of orders since 2013)
  • There is an added restriction on domestic goats and sheep (I believe the concern is that goats and domestic sheep can carry diseases that bighorn sheep are vulnerable to).

 

See this link for more details including a map and list of trails impacted by the closure (the Bighorn Sheep Management Area does not cover the entire wilderness area) – the restrictions:

  • From January 1 to April 30 travel more than 400′ off of designated Forest Service Trails is prohibited
  • Dogs are prohibited except for seeing-eye dogs and handi-dogs – year round
  • Bring in, possess, or allow domestic sheep or goats into the closure area – year round
  • Maximum group size – day use size of 15 and overnight group size of 6 – year round

 

There were two new publications specifically about bighorn sheep in the Santa Catalina Mountains in 2017:

 

Examining the Response of Desert Bighorn Sheep to Backcountry Visitor Use in the Pusch Ridge Wilderness Area

In March of 2017 there were a number of presentations about bighorn sheep at the Westward Look Wyndham Grand Resort and Spa – if you attended you may have listened to Brett Blum talk about tracking human visitation via cameras and making detailed observations of bighorn behaviors. This research is presented in Examining the Response of Desert Bighorn Sheep to Backcountry Visitor Use in the Pusch Ridge Wilderness Area. Two interesting details from the paper:

  • “bighorn responded to increased human activity by bedding. Bedding likely decreases the potential for both detection or interaction with humans and would be a more energetically conservative approach to avoidance that may be exhibited in part due the predictable nature of concentrated visitor use on established trails.” (p. 27)
  • “A study of the former population of bighorn sheep by Schoenecker and Krausman (2002) found 18% of visitors observed engaged in off trail use between 1994 and 1996. In contrast we documented roughly 1.5% off trail use from January 2015-May 2016 suggesting current human use of the PRWA may be largely confined to established trails” … “We speculate that the effects of urbanization around the PRWA may have also inadvertently restricted visitor use to established trails by limiting non designated access points around the base of the study area that were present during the former population.” (p. 28)

Not currently included with the paper is a detailed analysis of the visitation data, Brett indicated in an email that he is “still working with the Coronado National Forest to quantify all the visitor use data” – hopefully this data will be available at a later date!

Part of the cover of And Then There Were None: The Demise of Desert Bighorn Sheep in the Pusch Ridge Wilderness. January 2018.
Part of the cover of And Then There Were None: The Demise of Desert Bighorn Sheep in the Pusch Ridge Wilderness. January 2018.

And Then There Were None: The Demise of Desert Bighorn Sheep in the Pusch Ridge Wilderness

Paul R. Krausman has worked on Bighorn Sheep research in the Santa Catalina Mountains for many years and in this book he brings together a wide variety of scientific and historic information about the sheep in the Pusch Ridge Wilderness. I think it is fair to say that the book is written for a professional/academic audience – but it is certainly accessible enough to be interesting to someone like me without a wildlife related degree. Two excerpts that might inspire you to read more:

  • “there is no evidence that predation, limited water, disease, or the presence of other ungulates contributed to the demise of the desert bighorn sheep in the Pusch Ridge Wilderness. However, the increasing human population from Tucson and surrounding areas encroaching on bighorn sheep habit, and related urbanization, have not been positive influences… there is strong evidence that urbanization and habitat alteration were major influences in their extinction” (pp. 141-142)
  • “when bighorn sheep are translocated back into the Santa Catalina Mountains, they will likely continue to need assistance from humans, including predator control, prescribed fires, periodic transplants to enhance genetic diversity and mitigate the loss of corridors to other mountain ranges, and restrictions on humans in their habitat” (p. 157)
Map showing the Bighorn Sheep Management Area - note that it does not cover the entire Pusch Ridge Wilderness. October 2017.
Map showing the Bighorn Sheep Management Area – note that it does not cover the entire Pusch Ridge Wilderness. October 2017.